About ASD (Aviation, Space and Defence) Industry
The global Aviation, Space and Defense industries (ASD industries) encompass civilian and military needs for aircraft, helicopters, missiles, satellites, and other products that are held to the highest safety and quality standards.
In 2019, the global aerospace and defense (A&D) industry recuperated and experienced a solid year as passenger travel demand strengthened and global military expenditure continued to rise.
The industry is expected to continue its growth trajectory in 2020, led by growing commercial aircraft production and strong defense spending.
Key findings:
The commercial aircraft order backlog is at its peak of more than 14,000—with about 38,000 aircraft expected to be produced globally over the next 20 years.
That means 3.718 Aircraft / Day
Source : 2019 global aerospace and defense industry outlook
About the ASD Supply Chain.
The aerospace industry supply chain consist of designers, manufacturers, integrators and MRO industries.
Either you make raw materials, components, sub system, system etc what ever that goes into an aerospace or defence application, Quality is very critical in the ASD industry.
Quality to ASD Industry
Quality is not just limited with product and service quality. In ASD Safety and reliability matters. Quality is not limited to these terms..
- Availability
- Maintainability
- Producibility
- Inspectability
- Suitability
- On time delivery Etc
Accounting for the fact that some aerospace and defense companies require tens of thousands of suppliers, the complexities of products, processes and everything required to ensure production runs smoothly cannot be underestimated.
- In recent years, the industry has seen record numbers of orders, but it’s also experienced unprecedented delays in deliveries.
- Manufacturers competing on a global scale have to balance their ability to innovate and execute with the endless tasks of improving efficiency, remaining compliant with regulations and standards, lowering the cost of quality, and optimizing supplier relationships.
- Quality for aerospace and defense has never been more important.
- The industry requires advanced technology that sacrifices nothing. Moreover, the quality of the technology used in the aerospace and defence industry is so important that there is rigorous testing and best practices involved that must be adhered to before a product can even make it past the manufacturing stage.
- To address quality in ASD industry various standards are established.
- Most of them are voluntary standards
developed by the aerospace industry and standard bodies.
- MilSpecs
- ISO Standards (ISO/TC 20)
- Aircraft and Space Vehicles
- NAS National Aerospace Standards
- SAE International
- Airworthiness Standards etc
- For a number of years, OEMs used the mixture of customer and regulatory requirements (US Department of Defense MIL-Q-9858, etc.) and added company-specific requirements to come up with a wide-ranging, inexact, and often burdensome set of standards.
- Furthermore, these so-called standards were prone to change from one project to the next, so that they weren’t quality standards in the true sense.
- Because so many standards existed and because of the increasing complexity of the aerospace supply chain — more and more work was being farmed out, or subcontracted, by the major aerospace companies — it was difficult for any company to know which rules applied and why.
- With the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the accompanying decrease worldwide in defense spending in the late 1980’s, defense contractors began branching into the already active — and highly competitive — commercial aerospace business.
- At about that time, the US Department of Defense was moving for a “single process initiative,” which called for dropping contract-specific requirements in favor of commonly accepted commercial practices. Their hope was that the process of fulfilling contracts could be standardized and simplified, resulting in greater consistency throughout the supply chain.
- The world’s major aerospace contractors decided that an internationally accepted standard would work best in the long run. As luck would have it, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) had developed the first ISO 9001 quality standard. This became the de facto quality standard for the aerospace business.
- ISO 9001, as well suited as it was to standardization, was too general to serve for long as the aerospace quality standard. First, it doesn’t address industry-specific needs. Second, it doesn’t cover regulatory requirements for safety, reliability, and maintainability that are unique — and crucial — to the aerospace business.
- A group of major US aerospace prime contractors gathered to create the American Aerospace Quality Group (AAQG) under the American Society for Quality (ASQ) umbrella in 1995. Their first attempt at an aerospace quality standard, ARD 9000, was released the following year. Shortly thereafter, the AAQG aligned itself with the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). They refined ARD 9000 and released it as AS 9000 in 1997.
- International Aerospace Quality Group was emerged on 2013
- To manage and approve the special processes “NADCAP” an industry managed approach to conformity assessment program was launched by Performance Review institute (PRI)
- PRI was created in 1990 by SAE
- Through the Performance Review Institute, NADCAP provides independent certification of manufacturing processes for the industry.
About IAQG
- International Aerospace Quality Group (IAQG) is an International organization regrouping as Members the leading Aerospace & Defense companies worldwide
- Main goal is to improve the performance of the Aerospace & Defense Industry Supply Chain
- Created in 1998 under the umbrella of SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) – US organization
- Became end of 2013 an independent International Not for Profit Association (INPA) under the Belgium Law based in Brussels
- The IAQG is a cooperative
organization within the aerospace & defense industry comprised of 3 sectors
(Americas – AAQG, Asia/Pacific – APAQG and Europe – EAQG).
- AAQG – Americas Aerospace Quality Group– North, Central & South America;
- APAQG – Asia-Pacific Aerospace Quality Group – Asia and Oceania
- EAQG – European Aerospace Quality Group – Europe, Middle East, Russia & Africa;
- Each sector is
responsible for the deployment of IAQG initiatives within their Sector through
member companies who carry out the design, development, manufacture and support
of original equipment at system or subsystem level for:
- Aviation and Space products (including platforms and systems) and services;
- Land and Sea based systems for defence applications
- Trade Associations, and their related bodies
- IAQG members are companies, not individuals creating a unique strategic challenge in maintaining resource continuity and prioritization of major projects aligned with company business priorities.
- Nevertheless, the IAQG has successfully created and managed a robust, recognized and valued industry QMS certification with a supporting Online Aerospace Supplier Information System (OASIS) database to manage the certification data
IAQG Standards
- Standards which are
either:
- Requirements
- Or Recommended Practices
- Or Guidelines
- Or Best practices sharing reports
- Implementation support material
- Developed by IAQG (Intellectual Property)
- Published and marketed by Standardisation Bodies
- Fully worldwide harmonized
- IAQG Published and
marketed by Standardisation Bodies
- SAE
- EN
- JISQ
IAQG Quality Management System (QMS) – 91xx Standard series (Certifiable Standards)
- First set of
documents developed by IAQG: 91xx Series:
- 9100 – QMS – Requirements for Aviation, Space and Defense organizations
- 9110 – QMS – Requirements for Aviation Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul organizations
- 9120 – QMS – Requirements for Aviation, Space and Defense distributors
- 9115 – QMS – Requirements for Aviation, Space and Defense Organizations – Deliverable Software (Certification along with AS 9100)
About AS 9100 Certifications
- AS 9100 is an ICOP.
- Industry Controlled Other Party (ICOP) as Deliverable
- A process for
accredited certification of an organisation’s Aerospace Quality Management
System (AQMS)
- Industry
Controlled:
- The IAQG through each Sector provides direct oversight of all AQMS certification activities
- Other Party:
- Certifications are completed by accredited certification bodies (other parties) that are recognised through the ICOP process
- Industry
Controlled:
- ICOP is defined and controlled by the IAQG
- IAQG Maintains OASIS
(Online Aerospace Supplier Information System)
- Qualifies AS 9100 series accreditation bodies
- Qualifies AS 9100 series certification bodies
- Qualifies AS 9100 series auditor training course providers
- Approves the AS 9100 series auditors training courses
- Qualified AS 9100 series auditor authentication bodies
And much standards like (Guides, requirements etc)
AS 9101 – Quality Management Systems Audit Requirements for Aviation, Space, and Defense Organizations
AS 9102 – Aerospace First Article Inspection Requirement
AS 9103 – Aerospace Series – Quality Management Systems – Variation Management of Key Characteristics
9104/1-2-3- Requirements for Aviation, Space, and Defense Quality Management System Certification Programs / Auditor Competency and Training Course
AS 9107 – Direct Delivery Authorization Guidance for Aerospace Companies
AS 9110 – Quality Management Systems – Requirements for Aviation Maintenance Organizations
AS 9114 – Direct Ship Guidance for Aerospace Companies
AS 9115 – Quality Management Systems – Requirements for Aviation, Space and Defense Organizations – Deliverable Software
AS 9116 – Aerospace Series – Notification of Change (NOC) Requirements
AS 9117 – Delegated Product Release Verification
AS 9120 – Quality Management Systems – Requirements for Aviation, Space and Defense Distributors
AS 9131 – Aerospace Series – Quality Management Systems – Nonconformance Data Definition and Documentation
AS 9132 – Data Matrix Quality Requirements for Parts Marking
AS 9133 – Qualification Procedure for Aerospace Standard Products
ARP 9134 – Supply Chain Risk Management Guideline
ARP 9136 – Root Cause Analysis and Problem Solving (9S Methodology)
ARP 9137 – Guidance for the Application of AQAP 2110 within a 9100 Quality Management System
AS 9138 Aerospace Series – Quality Management Systems Statistical Product Acceptance Requirements
AS 9145 – Aerospace Series – Requirements for Advanced Product Quality Planning and Production Part Approval Process
AS 9146 – Foreign Object Damage (FOD) Prevention Program – Requirements for Aviation, Space, and Defense Organization
AS 9162 Aerospace Operator Self-Verification Programs
Introduction to NADCAP
The leading, worldwide cooperative program of major companies designed to manage a cost effective consensus approach to special processes and products and provide continual improvement within the aerospace industry.
Special process requirements and NADCAP Accreditation
Nadcap Task Groups are composed of personnel (Prime Contractors, Government Representatives, Suppliers) with expertise in the particular product, process or service for which suppliers are to be accredited (e.g. NDT, Heat Treating).
The Task Group has responsibilities for the accreditation program including: deploying the accreditation process, recommendations for auditor hiring and training needs, standard and checklist development, metrics, and continuous improvement.
Nadcap program give accreditation for special processes in aerospace and military industry as:
- Aerospace Quality Systems (AQS)
- Chemical Processing (CP)
- Coatings (CT)
- Composites (COMP)
- Conventional Machining as a Special Process (CMSP)
- Elastomer Seals (SEAL)
- Electronics (ETG)
- Fluids Distribution (FLU)
- Heat Treating (HT)
- Materials Testing Laboratories (MTL)
- Measurement & Inspection (M&I)
- Metallic Materials Manufacturing (MMM)
- Nonconventional Machining and Surface Enhancement (NMSE)
- Nondestructive Testing (NDT)
- Non Metallic Materials Manufacturing (NMMM)
- Non Metallic Materials Testing (NMMT)
- Sealants (SLT)
- Welding (WLD)
Major primes and contractors like Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier, Embraer etc has established Supplier NADCAP Accreditation policy and mandate the NACAP accreditation to their suppliers and subsuppliers.
About Karthi Thiyagarajan
- Founder and Proprietor of Nucleus Consultants
- IAQG Certified Lead Auditor for AS 9100
- Trainer, Consultant and Practitioner for AS 9100, AS 9110, AS 9120, NADCAP, ISO/TS 22163, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO 13485, IATF 16949
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